What is a critical effect of domestic violence on victims' mental health?

The impact of domestic violence on victims' mental health is profound and often devastating. One of the critical effects is the development of anxiety and depression. Victims often experience heightened levels of stress and trauma due to the violence they endure, which can lead to significant psychological issues over time.

Anxiety can manifest as constant worry, fear, or panic, stemming from the traumatic experiences associated with the violence. Similarly, depression may arise from feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, or isolation, which are common among victims. These mental health challenges can be compounded by the stigma surrounding domestic violence, a lack of support, and the struggle to regain a sense of safety and control in their lives.

The other options are not reflective of the typical psychological impact of domestic violence; rather, they misrepresent the challenges many victims face. While some individuals may engage in community efforts or work toward empowerment after leaving a violent situation, the immediate and critical effects on mental health predominantly include anxiety and depression.